Едда — назва двох пам'яток літератури у народів Ісландії, Данії, Норвегії, Швеції. Едда є основним джерелом давньогерманської міфології.

Едда
Зображення
Назва ісл. Edda Редагувати інформацію у Вікіданих
Похідна робота Кільце Нібелунга Редагувати інформацію у Вікіданих
Видання або переклади Edda (Simrock 1876)d і Poetic Edda (dutch)d Редагувати інформацію у Вікіданих
Дата публікації 1270 Редагувати інформацію у Вікіданих
Мова твору або назви ісландська Редагувати інформацію у Вікіданих
Літературний мотив god as son of giantd[1][2], god as son of nine giantessesd[1][2], three creatorsd[2], cow as creatord[2], supreme deity as creatord[2], omniscient deityd[2], gods as sons of supreme godd[2], deity issues from earthd[2], black deityd[2], luminous deityd[2], white deityd[2], deity with gold teethd[2], one-eyed deityd[2], deity with one handd[2], deity with thick (iron) shoed[2], deity rides board[2], Sleipnir: eight-legged horse of Odind[2], goddess flies in bird's plumaged[2], deity's wagon drawn by unusual animalsd[2], deities as workersd[2], home of deities on high mountaind[2], palaces of the deitiesd[2], city of deitiesd[2], banquets of the deitiesd[2], magic food rejuvenates the deitiesd[2], theft of magic mead by Odind[2], horses of the deitiesd[2], jewels of the deitiesd[2], conflicts of the deitiesd[2], fight of the deities and giantsd[2][3], brother-sister marriage of the deitiesd[2], ravens as attendants of deityd[2], wolves as deity's dogsd[2], watchman of the deitiesd[2], doorkeeper of the deitiesd[2], deity rides through air on wind-swift horsed[2], deity flies in bird plumaged[2], deity as judge of humansd[2], death of the deitiesd[2], fate controls deitiesd[2], deity controls elementsd[2], deity has magic vision only from their throned[2], wind-godd[2], goddess of world of the deadd[2], deity of the slaind[2], deity of the hangedd[2], goddess of earthd[2], Mother Earth[d][2], sea-godd[2], sea-goddessd[2], waves as girls, daughters or widows of the sea-godd[2], god of huntingd[2], goddess of huntingd[2], goddess of healingd[2], deity of skiing (or snow-shoes)d[2], The Fatesd[2], god of justiced[2], god of poetryd[2], goddess of youthd[2], goddess of loved[2], goddess of oathsd[2], god of ward[2], Valkyries (shield-maidens)d[2], deity of single-combatsd[2], culture hero creator's sond[2], culture hero arrives (and departs) in boatd[2], culture hero asleep in mountaind[2], spontaneous creation - evolutionary typed[2], creation from vapor-produced primeval giantd[2], universe created out of fire worldd[2], universe created out of ice and mistd[2], world parents: sky-father and earth-mother as parents of the universed[2], world-treed[2], river connecting earth and upper and lower worldsd[2], nine nights' riding from heaven (or earth) to helld[2], Valhallad[2], pillar supporting skyd[2], four dwarfs support the skyd[2], hell located to the northd[2], serpents in helld[2], rivers of poison in helld[2], river in hell filled with weaponsd[2], dragons in helld[2], wolf in helld[2], well in helld[2], gate around helld[2], stygian riverd[2], ferryman on river in lower worldd[2], maiden at the bridge to helld[2], hound of helld[2], ship of helld[2], heavenly bodies from objects thrown into skyd[2], origin of sky from Ymir's skulld[2], sky supported by north star around which it revolvesd[2], chariot of the sund[2], charioteer of the sund[2], sun sister and moon brotherd[2], eclipse caused by monster devouring sun or moond[2], two children in moon with yoke and bucketd[2], causes of moon's phasesd[2], creation and condition of the starsd[2], stars from objects thrown into skyd[2], origin of Oriond[2], rainbow made as bridge by the deitiesd[2], rainbow has three colorsd[2], primeval waterd[2], earth brought up by three deitiesd[2], earth rises from sead[2], earth from giant's bodyd[2], Midgard Serpentd[2], stream of paradise from roots of world-treed[2], snake at roots of earth-treed[2], hart(s) eating of the earth-treed[2], chattering squirrel in the earth-treed[2], wise eagle in the earth-treed[2], hawk in the earth-treed[2], ocean made from bloodd[2], river from the slaver of the Fenris-wolfd[2], rivers from mythical welld[2], springs originate from horse's hoof-printsd[2], spring breaks forth at need of demigod's warriorsd[2], spring from beneath world-treed[2], origin of salt springsd[2], contours of land caused by plowing of goddessd[2], origin of rocks and stonesd[2], series of world catastrophesd[2], doomsdayd[2], deluge: escape in boat (ark)d[2], world-fired[2], continuous winter destroys the raced[2], golden aged[2], why the sea is salt: magic salt milld[2], origin of swirling motion of waterd[2], winds caused by flapping wingsd[2], origin of dewd[2], origin of clouds from Ymir's braind[2], night and day have steeds and chase each otherd[2], human created by co-operation of the deitiesd[2], mankind from salty stone (ice block) licked by cowd[2], creation of human from treed[2], Adam's body made of eight (four) thingsd[2], deities build houses and fashion toolsd[2], origin of medicine (healing)d[2], origin of the net for fishingd[2], origin of various tribesd[2], origin of different classes - social and professionald[2], characteristics of various peoples - in personal appearanced[2], why salmon has tapering taild[2], origin of treesd[2], Rowan helps Thor out of riverd[2], dragons live in helld[4], dragon lives beneath treed[4], flying dragond[4], dragon gnaws the roots of treed[4], monster ox (bull) killedd[4], the cow Audhumlad[4], horse with golden maned[4], the goat Heidrund[4], mythical roosterd[4], flying horsed[4], boar with golden bristlesd[4], wise eagle (in Yggdrasil)d[4], birds as reporters of sights and soundsd[4], swan as prophetic birdd[4], boat drawn by swans (geese)d[4], birds point out road to herod[4], marriage to dog in human formd[4], marriage to wolf in human formd[4], marriage to seal in human formd[4], marriage to dove-maidend[4], the cow Audhumla sprang from the dripping rime of the creation of the universed[4], venomous serpentd[4], giant serpentd[4], tabu: offending guardian spiritsd[5], tabu: sexual intercourse with unearthly beingsd[5], tabu: eating in other worldd[5], tabu: drinking in other worldd[5], speaking tabud[5], tabu: touching treasures of other worldd[5], tabu: spinning on holy daysd[5], transformation: god to giantessd[6], werwolfd[6], transformation: human to oxd[6], transformation: human to salmond[6], transformation: human to serpent (snake)d[6], transformation: human to eggd[6], Діва-лебідь[6], transformation: statue comes to lifed[6], transformation to swans by taking chains off neckd[6], transformation and disenchantment at willd[6], compressible shipd[6], compressible hammerd[6], transformation to escape deathd[6], transformation to steald[6], magic object received from motherd[6], magic object received from fatherd[6], magic object acquired by trickeryd[6], magic object forged by smith to orderd[6], magic aled[6], magic necklaced[6], magic hammerd[6], magic awld[6], magic thongd[6], magic staffd[6], magic writings (gramerye, runes)d[6], magic well of wisdomd[6], oracular twigd[6], divination by head (skull)d[6], magic wand (twig) locates hidden treasured[6], magic hammer gives strengthd[6], magic wand renders invisibled[6], magic staff renders invisibled[6], runes cause frenzyd[6], runes protectd[6], magic song protects from frost and coldd[6], runes protect from the curse of a dead Christian womand[6], runes protect from storm and shipwreckd[6], escape from prison by use of charm (formula)d[6], magic sword conquers enemyd[6], magic ring multiplies wealthd[6], charms make childbirth easyd[6], magic plant makes childbirth easyd[6], magic fruit from Yggdrasil placed in fire makes childbirth easyd[6], wounds caused by sword can only be healed by a certain stoned[6], charms against elfshotd[6], magic transportation by shoesd[6], transportation by means of necklaced[6], magic transportation by feather-dressd[6], magic land and water shipd[6], images of animals ridden (driven)d[6], self-luminous artificial board[6], inexhaustible boar's fleshd[6], goat with inexhaustible milkd[6], sword causes a person's death every time it is drawnd[6], magiciand[6], odin as magiciand[6], soothsayer (diviner, oracle, etc.)d[6], magic power from magiciand[6], magic power by magic songsd[6], magic knowledge from deityd[6], magic knowledge from goddessd[6], magic knowledge from mythical ancestord[6], magic knowledge from the deadd[6], future revealed in dreamd[6], magic rejuvenationd[6], magic illusiond[6], sword magically dulledd[6], cursing by magicd[6], resuscitation by universal weepingd[7], dead mother called up from grave to give her son charmsd[7], ghost summoned by holy waterd[7], ghost summoned by charmd[7], defense against ghosts and the deadd[7], fight of living person with dead in the graved[7], abode of the dead in stonesd[7], body in trance while soul is absentd[7], soul in animal formd[7], soul in form of serpentd[7], journey to lower worldd[3], Orpheus. Journey to land of dead to bring back person from the deadd[3], pit entrance to lower worldd[3], river entrance to lower worldd[3], dead oppose return of living from land of the deadd[3], river between the realms of giants and gods never freezesd[3], bridge to otherworldd[3], rainbow bridge to otherworldd[3], castles thatched with golden shields in otherworldd[3], castles thatched with silver in otherworldd[3], fairies (elves)d[3], fairies as fallen angelsd[3], fairy kingd[3], fairy queend[3], fairies make musicd[3], fairies cause diseased[3], water-spiritsd[3], water-spirit as woman (water-nymph, water-nix)d[3], water-spirits wear precious adornmentd[3], water-women are powerless when their garments are takend[3], marsh-spiritd[3], wood-spiritd[3], tree-spiritd[3], wood-nymph wooes and then deserts mand[3], wild person as wood-spiritd[3], underground spiritsd[3], dwarfd[3], dwarfs originate from the blood and bones of giantd[3], dwarf with bird feetd[3], dwarfs with goat feetd[3], dwarfs referred to as "gray", not specifying whether as to dress or haird[3], dwarfs clad in whited[3], dwarfs wear red coatsd[3], dwarf clad in brownd[3], dwarf clad in blackd[3], voice of dwarfs (echo)d[3], dwarfs turn to stone at sunrised[3], dwarfs made invisible by magic capsd[3], dwarfs as artificersd[3], dwarfs as smithsd[3], dwarfs do farmingd[3], dwarfs spind[3], dwarfs died[3], great age of dwarfsd[3], dwarfs are wised[3], dwarfs are artfuld[3], dwarfs live under the groundd[3], dwarfs live in hills and mountainsd[3], dwarfs live in stonesd[3], dwarfs live in a cliffd[3], dwarfs' rock closed by rock-doord[3], dwarfs' castle of goldd[3], dwarfs are ruled by a kingd[3], helpful dwarfsd[3], money or treasure given by dwarfsd[3], dwarfs serve mortalsd[3], dwarfs teach mortalsd[3], dwarfs help human beings with spinningd[3], malevolent dwarfd[3], dwarfs exchange children in cradled[3], dwarfs kidnap mortalsd[3], dwarfs curse weapons and treasures which they are forced to give (or which the receiver does not appreciate)d[3], dwarfs have human woman as midwifed[3], dwarfs and Christianityd[3], dwarf loves mortal girld[3], dwarfs seek human help in their fights and troublesd[3], dwarfs have musicd[3], dwarfs possess treasure (gold, jewels, etc.)d[3], proper names for dwarfsd[3], giants and heroes created for the protection and aid of dwarfsd[3], giants and dwarfs in contestd[3], dwarfs kill giantess by dropping millstone on her headd[3], dwarfs in love with other supernatural beingsd[3], dwarfs make weapons and other precious objects for the godsd[3], trollsd[3], mountain-men leave broken implement for man to mendd[3], nightmare (Alp)d[3], guardian spirit of landd[3], many-headed giantd[3], three-headed giantd[3], nine-headed giantd[3], giant with stone headd[3], giant with six or eight armsd[3], giant with stone heartd[3], black giantd[3], giant in animal formd[3], giant as wolfd[3], giant as serpentd[3], giant as eagled[3], frost-giantsd[3], giant bride's equipmentd[3], size of giantd[3], giant eats (drinks) prodigious amountd[3], giant's snoring as thunder or stormd[3], giants sit on mountains and wash feet in stream belowd[3], giant fishes whalesd[3], giant has stone clubd[3], giant's huge kettled[3], giant thinks hammer-blow on head is a nut fallingd[3], giants marry human beingsd[3], giant maidens grind gold, peace, soldiers, salt, etc., on large stone milld[3], giants as personificationsd[3], giant made of the venom from Elivagard[3], giants' live in the eastd[3], giants in a region of darkness and coldd[3], giants in wild forestsd[3], homes of giantsd[3], giants live in castles (raths, duns) (ruins of which may still be seen)d[3], giants have great aged[3], giants large or small at willd[3], giant has wound-healing balmd[3], giants as controllers of the elementsd[3], giants as builders of great structuresd[3], giant's treasured[3], giant possesses treasured[3], giants have animals (dogs, etcd[3], giants' ship (Naglfar)d[3], giant as smithd[3], giants fear lightningd[3], sunlight turns giant or troll to stoned[3], giants killed by lightning or thunder (personified in the thunder-god)d[3], giants drowned (in Ymir's blood)d[3], love relations between giants and other supernatural beingsd[3], giants' watchman (Eggther)d[3], giants are wised[3], remarkably pretty white feetd[3], gold haird[3], strong persond[3], mighty lifterd[3], mighty eaterd[3], person sees equally well by night or dayd[3], person sees enormous distanced[3], marvelous runner swift as thoughtd[3], land of cold and mistd[3], land of darknessd[3], river which never freezesd[3], golden castle (palace, house)d[3], tree with golden leavesd[3], golden bridged[3], flowers bloom in winterd[3], creation of a person by cooperation of skillful humansd[3], extraordinary physical reaction to angerd[3], ghoulsd[8], giant ogred[8], three witch sistersd[8], witch rides on cattled[8], witch rides on persond[8], witch flies through aird[8], witches cause disease or death of animalsd[8], witches ruin cropd[8], troll as ogred[8], wolf as ogred[8], stupid ogred[8], help from ogre's daughter (or son)d[8], help from ogre's motherd[8], theft from ogred[8], ogress lives in waterd[8], recognition by means of ring enclosed in woundd[9], inspection test for suitorsd[9], tasks imposed on pain of deathd[9], task: drinking the sea dryd[9], theft as a taskd[9], task: stealing golden applesd[9], quest to giant's landd[9], race won by deceptiond[10], deceptive eating contest: hole in bagd[10], deceptive drinking contest: hole for waterd[10], land purchase: as much as can be plowed (fenced) in a certain timed[10], woman lured into the forest and capturedd[10], goddess arouses heroes' jealousy and eternal fightingd[10], man disguised as woman beguiles hostile chiefd[10], deities (saints) in disguise visit mortalsd[10], disguise with hood dropping low over the faced[10], deity disguised as meniald[10], disguise of man in woman's dressd[10], vow not to shave or cut hair until a certain timed[11], rather die in battle than in bedd[11], spitting of all parties into vessel to seal bargaind[11], life spared in return for poetic meadd[11], life spared for bringing a dreaded enemy without weapond[11], peace bought for husbandd[11], descent into hell to learn futured[11], curse given to negate good wishd[11], dwarf as foster fatherd[12], Thor slays his foster father and takes himself the realm of Thraced[12], druid (poet, learned person)d[12], murder punishedd[13], blinding as punishmentd[13], man fettered with the entrails of his own sons as punishment for treacheryd[13], punishment: Loki's son transformed into wolf which tears his brother to piecesd[13], love through dreamd[14], man falls in love by the sight of woman's white armsd[14], woman sells favors to obtain a jeweld[14], foal born of Loki after dealing with mythical stalliond[14], conception from hand or footd[14], birth from nine mothersd[14], woman gives birth to animald[14], pregnant mand[14], child with several mothersd[14], supernatural growthd[14], illegitimate child taunted by playmatesd[14], worship of trees and plantsd[15], horse worshipd[15], swine worshipd[15], sacrifice to stoned[15] і shoes buried with the deadd[15] Редагувати інформацію у Вікіданих

Назву едда мають два різні хоч і пов'язані між собою твори. Це «Едда Семунда» (Edda Sæmundar) («Старша Едда») та «Едда Сноррі» («Молодша Едда»), що в західноєвропейській історіографії відповідно звуться «Поетичною» та «Прозовою».

Старша Едда — збірка міфологічних та героїчних пісень, створених приблизно в X столітті. Записана Едда була XII століття, а потім загублена. Заново рукопис віднайшли лише 1643 року в Кьобенгавні. Назви рукопис не мав.

Молодша Едда — своєрідний підручник теорії поезії давньоісландських поетів-співців (скальдів), впорядкований у 1222—1223 роках ісландським істориком Сноррі Стурлусоном. Основну частину цієї Едди становлять прозаїчні оповідання про давньоісландську міфологію.

Оскільки Едда Сноррі Стурлсона значною мірою виявилася переказом давнішого поетичного рукопису, саме його назвали «Старшою Еддою», а давно відому «Едду Снорі» — «Молодшою».

Етимологія

ред.

Етимологія слова «едда» до кінця не з'ясована. Існує кілька версій походження цього слова. Класичними є такі погляди:

  1. Едда походить від слова, що означає поезію (пор. давньоскан. óðr (поезія)).
  2. За назвою хутора Oddi, де, за легендою, Сноррі писав Едду.
  3. В одному з діалектів Едда означає прабаба.
  4. Можливе походження від лат. edere (писати, публікувати)

Див. також

ред.

Примітки

ред.
  1. а б Томпсон С. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: Volume 1: A–CRosenkilde and Bagger, 1955.
  2. а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с т у ф х ц ш щ ю я аа аб ав аг ад ае аж аи ак ал ам ан ап ар ас ат ау аф ах ац аш ащ аю ая ба бб бв бг бд бе бж би бк бл бм бн бп бр бс бт бу бф бх бц бш бщ бю бя ва вб вв вг вд ве вж ви вк вл вм вн вп вр вс вт ву вф вх вц вш вщ вю вя га гб гв гг гд ге гж ги гк гл гм гн гп гр гс гт гу гф гх гц гш гщ гю гя да дб дв дг дд де дж ди дк дл дм дн дп др дс дт ду дф дх дц дш дщ дю дя еа еб ев ег ед ее Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  3. а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с т у ф х ц ш щ ю я аа аб ав аг ад ае аж аи ак ал ам ан ап ар ас ат ау аф ах ац аш ащ аю ая ба бб бв бг бд бе бж би бк бл бм бн бп бр бс бт бу бф бх бц бш бщ бю бя ва вб вв вг вд ве вж ви вк вл вм вн вп вр вс вт ву вф вх вц вш вщ вю вя га гб гв гг гд ге гж ги гк гл гм гн гп гр гс гт гу гф гх гц гш гщ гю гя да дб дв дг дд де дж ди дк дл дм дн дп др дс дт ду дф дх дц дш дщ дю Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  4. а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с т у ф х ц ш щ ю Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  5. а б в г д е ж Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  6. а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с т у ф х ц ш щ ю я аа аб ав аг ад ае аж аи ак ал ам ан ап ар ас ат ау аф ах ац аш ащ аю ая ба бб бв бг бд бе бж би бк бл бм бн бп бр бс бт бу бф бх бц Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  7. а б в г д е ж и к л Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  8. а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  9. а б в г д е ж Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  10. а б в г д е ж и к л м Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  11. а б в г д е ж и Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  12. а б в Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  13. а б в г Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  14. а б в г д е ж и к л м Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
  15. а б в г д Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.

Посилання

ред.