Мамонтове дерево велетенське: відмінності між версіями
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'''Мамонтове дерево велетенське'''<ref>{{Кобів|Sequoiadendron|giganteum}}</ref>, або '''секвоядендрон велетенський''' (''Sequoiadendron giganteum'') — єдиний сучасний [[вид]] [[Рід (біологія)|роду]] мамонтове дерево (''Sequoiadendron''), також відомий як «гігантська секвоя» та «велінгтонія». Є одним із найдовговічніших і найбільших дерев на Землі. Це [[Однодомні рослини|однодомна]] [[Однодомні рослини|вічнозелена]] рослина. Дорослі дерева досягають висоти до 100 метрів з діаметром стовбура 10-12 м. Найстаріше сучасне мамонтове дерево велетенське має вік 3200 років, встановлений за річними кільцями.
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== Опис ==
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Мамонтове дерево велетенське викарбуване на монеті номіналом 25 центів Каліфорнії.
==Distribution==
[[File:A014, Sequoia National Park, California, USA, 1998.jpg|thumb|The [[Generals Highway]] passes between giant sequoias in Sequoia National Park]]
The natural distribution of giant sequoias is restricted to a limited area of the western [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]], [[California]]. They occur in scattered groves, with a total of 68 groves (see [[list of sequoia groves]] for a full inventory), comprising a total area of only {{convert|144.16|km2|acre|abbr=on}}. Nowhere does it grow in pure stands, although in a few small areas, stands do approach a pure condition. The northern two-thirds of its range, from the [[American River]] in [[Placer County, California|Placer County]] southward to the [[Kings River (California)|Kings River]], has only eight disjunct groves. The remaining southern groves are concentrated between the Kings River and the Deer Creek Grove in southern [[Tulare County, California|Tulare County]]. Groves range in size from {{convert|12.4|km2|acre|abbr=on}} with 20,000 mature trees, to small groves with only six living trees. Many are protected in [[Sequoia National Park|Sequoia]] and [[Kings Canyon National Park]]s and [[Giant Sequoia National Monument]].
The giant sequoia is usually found in a humid climate characterized by dry summers and [[snow]]y winters. Most giant sequoia groves are on granitic-based residual and [[alluvium|alluvial]] soils. The elevation of the giant sequoia groves generally ranges from {{convert|1400|-|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the north, to {{convert|1700|-|2150|m|ft}} to the south. Giant sequoias generally occur on the south-facing sides of northern mountains, and on the northern faces of more southerly slopes.
High levels of reproduction are not necessary to maintain the present population levels. Few groves, however, have sufficient young trees to maintain the present density of mature giant sequoias for the future. The majority of giant sequoia groves are currently undergoing a gradual decline in density since European settlement.
===Historic range===
While the present day distribution of this species is limited to a small area of California, it was once much more widely distributed in prehistoric times, and was a reasonably common species in North American and Eurasian coniferous forests until its range was greatly reduced by the last [[ice age]]. Older fossil specimens reliably identified as giant sequoia have been found in [[Cretaceous]] era sediments from a number of sites in North America and Europe, and even as far afield as New Zealand<ref>James E Eckenwalder. Conifers of the World, The Complete Reference. p. 586. Timber Press 2009. {{ISBN|978-0881929744}}</ref> and Australia.<ref>Bryan G Bowes. Trees and Forests, a colour guide. pp. 48–49. Manson Publishing 2010. {{ISBN|978-1840760859}}</ref>
== Мамонтове дерево велетенське в Україні ==
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