Держава: відмінності між версіями
| [перевірена версія] | [перевірена версія] |
Вилучено вміст Додано вміст
Рядок 61:
===Погляди критиків ===
[[Юрген Габермас]] вважав, що структура [[базис]]-[[надбудова]], яку використовують численні марксистські теоретики, описуючи взаємозв'язок держаси та економіки, надто спрощена. На його думку сучасна держава відіграє значну роль у структуруванні економіки, регулюючи економічну діяльність, будучи масштабним споживачем і виробником, а також через перерозподіл ([[держава загального добробуту]]).
<!---
▲[[Jürgen Habermas]] believed that the base-superstructure framework, used by many Marxist theorists to describe the relation between the state and the economy, was overly simplistic. He felt that the modern state plays a large role in structuring the economy, by regulating economic activity and being a large-scale economic consumer/producer, and through its redistributive [[welfare state]] activities. Because of the way these activities structure the economic framework, Habermas felt that the state cannot be looked at as passively responding to economic class interests.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Duncan, Graeme Campbell|title=Democracy and the capitalist state|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-521-28062-4|page=137|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMk8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA137|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425091052/https://books.google.com/books?id=tMk8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA137|archivedate=25 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Edgar, Andrew|title=The philosophy of Habermas|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7735-2783-6|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VxfeGh-RrWwC&pg=PA5 5–6]; [https://books.google.com/books?id=VxfeGh-RrWwC&pg=PA44 44]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Cook, Deborah|title=Adorno, Habermas, and the search for a rational society|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-415-33479-2|page=20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmK-RGZi5McC&pg=PA20|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425040547/https://books.google.com/books?id=lmK-RGZi5McC&pg=PA20|archivedate=25 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[Michel Foucault]] believed that modern political theory was too state-centric, saying "Maybe, after all, the state is no more than a composite reality and a mythologized abstraction, whose importance is a lot more limited than many of us think." He thought that political theory was focusing too much on abstract institutions, and not enough on the actual practices of government. In Foucault's opinion, the state had no essence. He believed that instead of trying to understand the activities of governments by analyzing the properties of the state (a reified abstraction), political theorists should be examining changes in the practice of government to understand changes in the nature of the state.<ref>{{cite book|author=Melossi, Dario|chapter=Michel Foucault and the Obsolescent State|editor=Beaulieu, Alain|editor2=Gabbard, David|title=Michel Foucault and power today: international multidisciplinary studies in the history of the present|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7391-1324-0|page=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nE_UBAh_cyEC&pg=PA6|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516144400/https://books.google.com/books?id=nE_UBAh_cyEC&pg=PA6|archivedate=16 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gordon, Colin|chapter=Government rationality: an introduction|editor=Foucault, Michel|display-editors=etal|title=The Foucault effect: studies in governmentality|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-226-08045-1|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TzSt_zYZfUsC&pg=PA4|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503035737/https://books.google.com/books?id=TzSt_zYZfUsC&pg=PA4|archivedate=3 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mitchell, Timothy|chapter=Society, Economy, and the State Effect|editor=Sharma, Aradhana|editor2=Gupta, Akhil|title=The anthropology of the state: a reader|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2006|isbn=978-1-4051-1467-7|page=179|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImnEMK_hKCgC&pg=PA179|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518173206/https://books.google.com/books?id=ImnEMK_hKCgC&pg=PA179|archivedate=18 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| |||