Identifier: dictionaryofgree00smit_1 Title: A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities.. Year: 1849 (1840s) Authors: Smith, William, 1813-1893 Subjects: Publisher: Boston Contributing Library: The Library of Congress Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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Text Appearing Before Image: . 581, b.] PAENULA was a thick cloak, chiefly used bythe Romans in travelling instead of the toga, as aprotection against the cold and rain. (Cic. pro Mil.20 ; Quintil. vi. 3. § 66.) Hence we find the ex-pression of scindere paenulam (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 33)used in the sense of greatly pressing a traveller tostay at ones house. The paenula was worn bywomen as well as by men in travelling. (Dig. 34.tit. 2. s. 23.) It appears to have been a long cloakwithout sleeves, and with only an opening for thehead, as is shown in the following figure takenfrom Bartholini. If this is a real example of apaenula, it would seem that the dress was sewedin front about half way down, and was dividedinto two parts, which might be thrown back bythe wearer so as to leave the arms comparativelyfree: it must have been put on over the head.This figure explains the expression of Cicero {proMil. I. c), paenula irretitus ; and of the authorof the Dialogus de Oratoribus (c. 39), paenulisadstricti et velut inclusi.

Text Appearing After Image: Under the emperors the paenula was worn inthe city as a protection against the rain and cold(Juv. v. 79), but women were forbidden by Alex-ander Severus to wear it in the city. (Lamprid.Alex. Sev. 27.) At one time, however, the paenulaappears to have been commonly worn in the cityinstead of the toga, as we even find mention oforators wearing it when pleading causes (Dial, deOrat. 39), but this fashion was probably of shortduration. The paenula was usually made of wool (Plin.H. N. viii. 48. s. 73), and particularly of that kindwrhich was called Gausapa [Gausapa] (paenulagausapina, Mart. xiv. 145). It was also some-times made of leather ( paenula scortea, Mart. xiv.130). Seneca (Quuest. Nat. iv. 6) speaks of paenulae aut scorteae, but he appears only touse this expression because paenulae were usuallymade of wool. (Bartholini, de Paenula; Becker,Gallus, vol. ii. p. 93.) PAGANALIA. [Pagi.] PAGANI. [Pagi.] PAGANICA. [Pila.] PAGI, were fortified places, to which the coun-try-people might r

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