Національний музей американських індіанців: відмінності між версіями
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[[File:AmericanIndianMuseumDomeview.jpg|thumb|350px|Вигляд будівлі Нац. музею американських індіанців на [[Національна алея|Національній алеї]] у Вашингтоні]]
'''Національний музей американських індіа́нців''' ({{lang-en|National Museum of the American Indian}}) — розташований у центрі м. [[Вашингтон]], [[США]] на [[Національна алея|Національній алеї]] і є невід’ємною частиною [[Смітсонівський інститут|Смітсонівського інституту]]. Музей також має філіал в м. [[Нью-Йорк]], який розташований на [[Манхеттен]]і і називається [[Центр Джорджа Густава Хея]] ({{lang-en|The George Gustav Heye Center}}).
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==Історія==
[[Джордж Густав Хей]] (1874–1957) об’їхав північну і південну Америки, збираючи речі аборигенів. Його колекція збиралася впродовж 54 років, починаючи з [[1903]] р. У [[1916]] р. він заснував власну фундацію і перший Музей американських індіанців, який відкрив двері у [[1922]] р.на [[Манхеттен]]і в [[Нью-Йорк]]у. Нинішню будівлю музею у [[Вашингтон]]і почали споруджувати у [[1989]] р. після рішення [[Конгрес США|Конгресу США]]. У червні [[1990]] р. колекція Хея стала національним надбанням і частиною колекції [[Смітсонівський інститут|Смітсонівського інституту]].
==Місцерозташування==
===Музей у Вашингтоні===
Будинок музею на [[Національна алея|Національній алеї]] відкрився у вересні [[2004]] р. Fifteen years in the making, it is the first national museum in the country dedicated exclusively to Native Americans. The five-story, {{convert|250000|sqft|m2|-3|adj=on}}, curvilinear building is clad in a golden-colored [[Kasota limestone]] designed to evoke natural rock formations shaped by wind and water over thousands of years. The museum is set in a {{convert|4.25|acre|m2}}-site and is surrounded by simulated [[wetland]]s. The museum’s east-facing entrance, its prism window and its {{convert|120|ft|m|0|adj=on}} high space for contemporary Native performances are direct results of extensive consultations with Native peoples. Similar to the [[The George Gustav Heye Center|Heye Center]] in Lower Manhattan, the museum offers a range of exhibitions, film and video screenings, school group programs, public programs and living culture presentations throughout the year.
The museum’s [[architect]] and project designer is the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Douglas Cardinal]] ([[Blackfoot]]); its design architects are GBQC Architects of [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] and architect Johnpaul Jones ([[Cherokee]]/[[Choctaw]]). Disagreements during construction led to Cardinal's being removed from the project, but the building retains his original design intent. His continued input enabled its completion.
[[File:Museum of the American Indian DC 2007.jpg|thumb|left|National Museum of the American Indian seen from the North.]]
The museum’s project architects are Jones & Jones Architects and Landscape Architects Ltd. of [[Seattle]] and SmithGroup of Washington, D.C., in association with Lou Weller ([[Caddo]]), the Native American Design Collaborative, and [[James Polshek|Polshek Partnership Architects]] of [[New York City]]; Ramona Sakiestewa ([[Hopi]]) and Donna House ([[Navajo people|Navajo]]/[[Oneida tribe|Oneida]]) also served as design consultants. The landscape architects are Jones & Jones Architects and Landscape Architects Ltd. of Seattle and EDAW, Inc., of [[Alexandria, Virginia]].
[[File:AmericanIndianMuseumDomeview.jpg|thumb|right|Museum viewed from United States Capitol dome.]]
In general, American Indians have filled the leadership roles in the design and operation of the museum and have aimed at creating a different atmosphere and experience from museums of European and Euro-American culture. Donna E. House, the Navajo and Oneida botanist who supervised the landscaping, has said, "The landscape flows into the building, and the environment is who we are. We are the trees, we are the rocks, we are the water. And that had to be part of the museum."<ref>Francis Hayden, "By the People", ''[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]'', September 2004, pp. 50–57.</ref> This theme of organic flow is reflected by the interior of the museum, whose walls are mostly curving surfaces, with almost no sharp corners.
The Mitsitam Native Foods Cafe is divided into Native regional sections such as the Northern Woodlands, South America, the Northwest Coast, Meso-America, and the Great Plains. The only Native American groups not represented in the café are the south eastern tribes such as the [[Choctaw]], [[Chickasaw]], [[Cherokee]] and [[Seminole]], many of which supported the United States throughout the tribe's history.
===George Gustav Heye Center===
The Museum’s [[George Gustav Heye Center]] occupies two floors of the [[Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House]] in [[Lower Manhattan]]. The Beaux Arts-style building, designed by architect [[Cass Gilbert]], was completed in 1907. It is a designated [[National Historic Landmark]] and a New York City landmark. The center’s exhibition and public access areas total about {{convert|20000|sqft|m2|-3}}. The Heye Center offers a range of exhibitions, film and video screenings, school group programs and living culture presentations throughout the year.
===Cultural Resources Center===
In [[Suitland, Maryland]], the National Museum of the American Indian operates the Cultural Resources Center, an enormous, nautilus-shaped building which houses the collection, a library, and the photo archives.
== Примітки ==
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