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#redirect [[Авіація]]
[[File:General aviation aircraft at Cheb Airport (LKCB).jpg|thumb|General aviation aircraft at [[Cheb Airport]]]]
 
'''General aviation''' ('''GA''') is all [[civil aviation]] operations other than [[Scheduled air transport|scheduled air services]] and [[Non-scheduled airline|non-scheduled air transport]] operations for remuneration or hire.<ref name="TC">{{cite web|url=https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/opssvs/managementservices-referencecentre-ac-100-001-2205.html|title=Glossary|last=|first=|date=14 March 2012|website=|publisher=[[Transport Canada]]|accessdate=19 December 2016}}</ref> General aviation flights range from [[Glider (aircraft)|glider]]s and [[powered parachute]]s to [[rotorcraft]] and corporate [[business jet]]s. The majority of the world's air traffic falls into this category, and most of the world's airports serve general aviation exclusively.<ref name="AOPA">iaopa.org, [http://www.iaopa.org/what-is-general-aviation/ "What is GA?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220152840/http://www.iaopa.org/what-is-general-aviation/ |date=20 December 2016 }}. Retrieved 17 November 2012</ref>
 
General aviation covers a [[List of general aviation activities|large range of activities]], both [[commercial aviation|commercial]] and non-commercial, including [[flying club]]s, [[flight training]], [[Aerial application|agricultural aviation]], [[light aircraft]] manufacturing, and aircraft maintenance. It includes [[recreational]] flying for sport or pleasure, as well as [[homebuilt aircraft|aircraft homebuilding]]<ref name="Crane">Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', pp. 238–239. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. {{ISBN|1-56027-287-2}}</ref> and aviation for [[Angel Flight|means of philanthropy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aopa.org/advocacy/advocacy-briefs/guide-to-charitable-nonprofit-community-event-sightseeing-flights|title=Guide to Charitable/Nonprofit/Community event sightseeing flights|publisher=AOPA|accessdate=September 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flyingmag.com/resources/aviation-charities|title=Aviation Charities|publisher=''Flying''|date= April 2009|accessdate=September 24, 2018}}</ref>
 
==Globally==
[[File:Cessna 172S Skyhawk SP, Private JP6817606.jpg|thumb|The GA [[Cessna 172]] is the [[most produced aircraft]] in history<ref name="FlyingMag1">{{cite journal| url=http://www.flyingmag.com/aircraft/pistons/cessna-172-still-relevant |title=Cessna 172: Still Relevant|author=Robert Goyer|date=January 19, 2012|accessdate=September 21, 2018}}</ref>]]
[[File:Cirrus SR22 ZS-CPB (2) (21833428109).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Cirrus SR22]], a popular modern GA aircraft]]
[[File:Helsinki-Malmi 2008-001.jpg|thumb|General aviation aircraft at [[Helsinki-Malmi Airport]], [[Finland]] ]]
[[File:Gardu1.JPG|thumb|The General Aviation Terminal at [[Raleigh-Durham International Airport]]]]
 
===Europe===
{{main|General aviation in Europe}}
 
In 2003 the [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] (EASA) was established as the central EU regulator, taking over responsibility for legislating airworthiness and environmental regulation from the national authorities.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/docs/33/StrategicReviewGA.pdf|title=Strategic Review of General Aviation in the UK|last=|first=|date=July 2006|publisher=[[Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)|CAA]]|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=52–53, paras. 5.18–5.24|chapter=5|quote=|via=|accessdate=19 December 2016}}</ref>
 
====United Kingdom====
{{main|General aviation in the United Kingdom}}
 
Of the 21,000 civil aircraft registered in the UK,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caa.co.uk/uploadedFiles/CAA/Content/Standard_Content/Data_and_analysis/Datasets/Aircraft_register/CofA/UK%20registered%20aircraft%20by%20class%20weight%20and%20CofA%202010.pdf|title=UK Registered Aircraft January 2010|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)|CAA]]|accessdate=19 December 2016}}</ref> 96 percent are engaged in GA operations, and annually the GA fleet accounts for between 1.25 and 1.35 million hours flown. There are 28,000 [[Private Pilot Licence]] holders, and 10,000 [[Gliding#Badges|certified glider pilots]]. Some of the 19,000 pilots who hold professional licences are also engaged in GA activities. GA operates from more than 1,800 airports and landing sites or [[aerodrome]]s, ranging in size from large [[regional airport]]s to farm strips.
 
GA is regulated by the [[Civil Aviation Authority of the United Kingdom|Civil Aviation Authority]] (CAA), although regulatory powers are being increasingly transferred to the [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] (EASA). The main focus is on standards of [[airworthiness]] and [[Pilot licensing in the United Kingdom|pilot licensing]], and the objective is to promote high standards of safety.
 
===In North America===
 
General aviation is particularly popular in North America, with over 6,300 airports available for public use by pilots of general aviation aircraft (around 5,200 airports in the [[United States|U.S.]], and over 1,000 in [[Canada]]<ref name="CFS">[[Nav Canada]]: ''Canada Flight Supplement - Canada and North Atlantic Terminal and Enroute Data'' Nav Canada, 2010.</ref>). In comparison, scheduled flights operate from around 560 airports in the U.S.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/books-online/FAAFactBook.pdf|title=FAA Administrator's Fact Book|last=|first=|date=March 2010|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|year=|isbn=|location=|page=16|pages=|quote=|via=}}
</ref> According to the U.S. [[Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association]], general aviation provides more than one percent of the United States' [[GDP]], accounting for 1.3 million jobs in [[professional service]]s and [[manufacturing]].<ref>[http://www.aopa.org/ AOPA USA's General Aviation website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214124431/http://www.aopa.org/ |date=14 February 2015 }}.</ref>
 
==Regulation and safety==
 
Most countries have authorities that oversee all [[civil aviation]], including general aviation, adhering to the standardized codes of the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO). Examples include the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) in the [[United States]], the [[Civil Aviation Authority of the United Kingdom|Civil Aviation Authority]] (CAA) in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe]] ([[CAAZ]]) in [[Zimbabwe]], the [[Luftfahrt-Bundesamt]] (LBA) in [[Germany]], the [[Bundesamt für Zivilluftfahrt]] in [[Switzerland]], [[Transport Canada]] in [[Canada]], the [[Civil Aviation Safety Authority]] (CASA) in Australia, the [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] (DGCA) in [[India]] and [[Iran Civil Aviation Organization]] in [[Iran]].
 
Aviation [[Transportation safety in the United States|accident rate statistics]] are necessarily estimates. According to the U.S. [[National Transportation Safety Board]], in 2005 general aviation in the United States (excluding charter) suffered 1.31 fatal accidents for every 100,000 hours of flying in that country, compared to 0.016 for scheduled airline flights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/data/Documents/ARA1101.pdf|title=NTSB accident rates by flying category|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Ntsb.gov|accessdate=19 December 2016}}</ref> In Canada, recreational flying accounted for 0.7 fatal accidents for every 1000 aircraft, while air taxi accounted for 1.1 fatal accidents for every 100,000 hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/opssvs/managementservices-referencecentre-2192.html|title=Aviation Safety Program Manual for the Civil Aviation Directorate|last=|first=|date=2015-12-31|website=|publisher=Tc.gc.ca|accessdate=19 December 2016}}</ref> More experienced GA pilots appear generally safer, although the relations between flight hours, accident frequency, and accident rates are complex and often difficult to assess.<ref>Knecht, WR (2012). [http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/2010s/media/201215.pdf DOT/FAA/AM-12/15 "Predicting general aviation accident frequency from pilot total flight hours"] (Technical Report). Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration.</ref><ref>Knecht, WR (2015). "The 'killing zone' revisited: Serial nonlinearities predict general aviation accident rates from pilot total flight hours". ''Accident Analysis & Prevention'', 60, 50–56.</ref><ref>Knecht, WR (2015). [http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/2010s/media/201503.pdf DOT/FAA/AM-15/3 "Predicting accident rates from general aviation pilot total flight hours"] (Technical Report). Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration.</ref>
 
==See also==
{{Wikipedia books|Aviation}}
{{portal|Aviation}}
* [[Environmental impact of aviation]]
* [[List of current production certified light aircraft]]
 
;Associations
* [[Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association]]
* [[Canadian Owners and Pilots Association]]
* [[Experimental Aircraft Association]]
* [[National Business Aviation Association]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==External links==
{{commons category|General aviation aircraft}}
{{Wikivoyage|General aviation|General aviation|travel information}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060413085904/http://www.iaopa.org/ International Aircraft Owners and Pilots Associations]
* [http://easa.europa.eu/essi/webapp/essi/www/index.php?page=egast&lang= European General Aviation Safety Team (EGAST)]
* [http://noplanenogain.org/ "No Plane No Gain"] site about business aviation
* [http://www.save-ga.org/ Save-GA.org Site concerned with General Aviation in the United States]
* {{cite magazine |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%203768.html |title= GA price index |magazine= Flight International |date= 13 Oct 1979}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Категорія:Авіація загального призначення]]
Отримано з https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Авіація_загального_призначення