Глухий зубний проривний: відмінності між версіями
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Рядок 16:
== Приклади ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2"|Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Aleut language|Aleut]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=165}} || {{lang|ale-Latn|'''''t'''iistax̂''}} || {{IPA|[t̪iːstaχ]}}|| 'dough'|| Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]||[[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]]{{sfnp|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=17}} ||{{lang|am|[[Armenian alphabet|'''տ'''ուն]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|tun.ogg |[t̪un]}} || 'house' || Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]{{sfnp|Padluzhny|1989|p=47}} || {{lang|be|[[Belarusian alphabet|с'''т'''агоддзе]]}} || {{IPA|[s̪t̪äˈɣod̪d̪͡z̪ʲe]}} || 'century' || Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Belarusian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Basque language|Basque]]|| {{lang|bas|[[Basque alphabet|'''''t'''oki'']]}} || {{IPA|[t̪oki]}}|| 'place' || Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || [[Bengali script|তুমি]] || {{IPA|[t̪umi]}}|| 'you' || Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Bengali phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Catalan language|Catalan]]{{sfnp|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=53}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|'''''t'''o'''t'''hom'']]}} || {{IPA|[t̪uˈt̪ɔm]}}|| 'everyone' || Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Catalan phonology]]
|-
| [[Chinese language|Chinese]]|| [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]{{sfnp|Lee|Zee|2009|p=109}} || {{lang|zh-hak-Hani|[[Chinese Characters|他]]}} {{lang|zh-hak-Latn|[[Guangdong Romanization|'''''t'''a3'']]}} || {{IPA|[t̪ʰa˧]}}|| 'he/she' || Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with an unaspirated form.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Dinka language|Dinka]]{{sfnp|Remijsen|Manyang|2009|pp=115 and 121}} || [[Dinka alphabet|''mɛ'''th''''']] || {{IPA|[mɛ̀t̪]}}|| 'child'|| Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with alveolar {{IPA|/t/}}.
|-
| [[Dutch language|Dutch]]|| [[Flemish|Belgian]] || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|'''''t'''aal'']]}} || {{IPA|[t̪aːl̪]}}|| 'language' || Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[English language|English]] || [[Hiberno-English|Dublin]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=302}} || rowspan="3" | {{lang|en|[[English orthography|'''''th'''in'']]}} || rowspan="3" | {{IPA|[t̪ʰɪn]}} || rowspan="3" | 'thin' || rowspan="3" | Laminal denti-alveolar, corresponds to {{IPAblink|θ}} in other dialects; in Dublin it may be {{IPAblink|t͡θ}} instead.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=302}} See [[English phonology]]
|-
| [[Indian English|Indian]]
|-
| Southern [[Hiberno-English|Irish]]{{sfnp|Roca|Johnson|1999|p=24}}
|-
| [[Mid-Ulster English|Ulster]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland|url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf}}</ref> || [[English orthography|'''''t'''rain'']] || {{IPA|[t̪ɹeːn]}} || 'train' || Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of {{IPA|/t/}} before {{IPA|/r/}}, in free variation with an alveolar stop.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Finnish language|Finnish]] || {{lang|fi|[[Finnish alphabet|'''''t'''u'''tt'''i'']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪ut̪ːi]}} || 'pacifier' || Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Finnish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[French language|French]]{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|'''''t'''ordu'']]}} || {{IPA|[t̪ɔʁd̪y]}}|| 'crooked'|| Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[French phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=141}} || {{lang|hi-Deva|[[Devanāgarī|तीन]]}} / {{lang|ur|[[nasta'liq|تین]]}} || {{IPA|[t̪iːn]}} || 'three' || Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Hindustani phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]{{sfnp|Soderberg|Olson|2008|p=210}} || {{lang|id-Latn|''[[Malay alphabet|'''t'''abir]]''}} ||{{IPA|[t̪abir]}} || 'curtain'|| Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Italian language|Italian]]{{sfnp|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=117}} || {{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|'''''t'''ale'']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪ale]}}|| 'such'|| Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Italian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Fonetyka i fonologia|author=Jerzy Treder|url=http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26}}</ref> || colspan="3" | {{example needed|date=November 2013}} || Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]{{sfnp|Kara|2003|p=11}} || {{lang|ky|[[Kyrgyz alphabet|'''''т'''уз'']]}} || {{IPA|[t̪us̪]}} || 'salt' || Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Latvian language|Latvian]]{{sfnp|Nau|1998|p=6}} || {{lang|lv|[[Latvian alphabet|'''''t'''abula'']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪äbulä]}} || 'table' || Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Latvian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Mapuche language|Mapudungun]]{{sfnp|Sadowsky|Painequeo|Salamanca|Avelino|2013|pp=88–89}} || {{lang||[[Mapudungun alphabet|''fü'''ṯ'''a'']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈfɘt̪ɜ]}} || 'husband' || [[Interdental consonant|Interdental]].{{sfnp|Sadowsky|Painequeo|Salamanca|Avelino|2013|pp=88–89}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || {{lang|mr|[[Devanāgarī|'''त'''बला]]}} || {{IPA|[t̪əbˈlaː]}} || '[[tabla]]' || Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Marathi phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nunggubuyu language|Nunggubuyu]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=158}} || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[t̪aɾaɡ]}}|| 'whiskers'|| Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Pazeh language|Pazeh]]{{sfnp|Blust|1999|p=330}} || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[mut̪apɛt̪aˈpɛh]}}|| 'keep clapping'|| Dental.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Polish language|Polish]]{{sfnp|Jassem|2003|p=103}} || {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|'''''t'''om'']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pl-tom.ogg|[t̪ɔm]}}|| 'volume'|| Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Polish phonology]]
|-
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]{{sfnp|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}} || Many dialects || {{lang|pt|''[[Portuguese orthography|mon'''t'''anha]]''}} || {{IPA|[mõˈt̪ɐɲɐ]}} || 'mountain' || Laminal denti-alveolar. Likely to have allophones among native speakers, as it may [[Affricate consonant|affricate]] to {{IPAblink|tʃ}}, {{IPAblink|tɕ}} and/or {{IPAblink|ts}} in certain environments. See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ||[[Gurmukhi|ਤੇਲ]]||{{IPA|[t̪eːl]}}||'oil'|| Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Russian language|Russian]]{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|p=99}} || {{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|'''т'''олс'''т'''ый]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪ʷo̞ɫ̪s̪t̪ɨ̞j]}}|| 'fat'|| Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Russian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Slovene language|Slovene]]{{sfnp|Pretnar|Tokarz|1980|p=21}} || {{lang|sl|''[[Slovene orthography|'''t'''ip]]''}} || {{IPA|[t̪íːp]}} || 'type' || Laminal denti-alveolar.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]{{sfnp|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=255}} || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|'''''t'''ango'']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪ãŋɡo̞]}} || 'tango' || Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Swedish language|Swedish]]{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=141}} || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|'''''t'''åg'']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪ʰoːɡ]}}|| 'train'|| Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Swedish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Temne language|Temne]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=?}} || {{example needed}}|| || -- || Dental.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|''a'''t''''']]}} || {{IPA|[ät̪]}}|| 'horse'|| Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]<ref>{{cite arXiv|author=S. Buk, J. Mačutek, A. Rovenchak|year=2008|title=Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system|eprint=0802.4198}}</ref> || {{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|бра'''т''']]}} || {{IPA|[brɑt̪]}} || 'brother' || Laminal denti-alveolar. See [[Ukrainian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]{{sfnp|Sjoberg|1963|p=10}} || {{example needed|date=November 2013}} || -- || || Laminal denti-alveolar. Slightly aspirated before vowels.{{sfnp|Sjoberg|1963|p=10}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]{{sfnp|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}} || {{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|'''''t'''uần'']]}} || {{IPA|[t̪wən˨˩]}}|| 'week'|| Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Vietnamese phonology]]
|-
| [[Zapotec language|Zapotec]]|| [[Tilquiapan Zapotec|Tilquiapan]]{{sfnp|Merrill|2008|p=108}} || '''''t'''an'''t'''''|| {{IPA|[t̪ant̪]}}|| 'so much'|| Laminal denti-alveolar.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Мова !! Слово !! Транскрипція !! Значення !! Примітки
Рядок 21 ⟶ 101:
| colspan="2" align="center"| [[Українська мова|Українська]] ||align="center"| ''бра'''т''''' ||align="center"| {{МФА|[ˈbrɑt̪]}} ||align="center"| 'брат' || Див. [[Українська фонетика]]
|}
== Примітки ==
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== Джерела ==
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{{refend}}
{{Consonants}}
| |||