America West Airlines: відмінності між версіями
| [неперевірена версія] | [неперевірена версія] |
Вилучено вміст Додано вміст
мНемає опису редагування |
|||
Рядок 9:
== Історія ==
=== Ранні роки ===
[[File:America West Dash 8-100.jpg|thumb|left|[[Bombardier Dash 8]] in 1991]]
The airline was established in February 1981 and began operations August 1, 1983, using three leased [[Boeing 737]] aircraft flying out of its base in [[Phoenix, Arizona]], with [[Ed Beauvais]], a well-known airline industry consultant, as its CEO.<ref name=funding1/> In the early years, passengers could purchase their tickets on board the aircraft.
The airline quickly expanded, with eleven 737s operating flights to 13 cities, and, by late 1983 developed a secondary hub in Las Vegas, Nevada. In 1984, America West's fleet grew to 21 aircraft operating flights into 23 cities. [http://timetableimages.com/ttimages/hp1.htm] has timetable maps showing America West routes in 1983, 1984, and 1991.
America West was one of the first airlines to use extensive "cross-utilization", in which employees were trained in a variety of airline jobs, such as pilots being trained in dispatch, and both [[baggage handler]]s and flight attendants being trained as gate agents. America West also started as a "full-service" airline, in contrast with [[Southwest Airlines]], the discount air carrier competing in many of the same markets. America West also used an aggressive employee stock ownership program, in which new employees were required to invest 20% of their salary in company stock, providing a steady flow of cash as the company grew. America West pilots and other employees were paid wages far below those of their competitors. [http://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/2010%2012%20Month%20Documents/Employees%20and%20Compensation/Pilots/Average%20Annual%20Wages%20and%20Salaries%20-%20PILOT%20AND%20CO-PILOT%20PERSONNEL.htm Pilot salary history, MIT Study.]{{Rail freight
|title=Revenue Passenger-Kilometers, in millions
|1984|2006
|1985|3675
|1990|17869
|1995|21420
|2000|30753
|2005|39036
|source=''Air Transport World''}}
[[File:Former America West Airlines logo.svg|thumb|200px|Former America West logo]]
By 1985 America West had outgrown its gate space at [[Sky Harbor International Airport]], and during the construction of Terminal 4, approved in 1986, a temporary concourse was added to the southwest corner of Terminal 3 to give it six more gates (growing to eleven by 1990).
The airline's rapid growth continued in 1986, and the airline greatly expanded its fleet, primarily with [[Boeing 757]]s purchased from [[Northwest Airlines]] after Northwest bought out [[Republic Airlines (1979-1986)|Republic Airlines]], as well as a number of [[De Havilland Canada Dash 8]] aircraft for local service from Phoenix and Las Vegas. The airline started running [[red-eye flight]]s from Las Vegas to increase aircraft utilization.
[[File:America West Boeing 747-200 Maiwald-1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Boeing 747-200]] at Sky Harbor Airport in 1991.]]
America West's rapid growth resulted in large operating losses, and by 1986 the company was on the verge of [[bankruptcy]]. Originally slated to occupy the vast majority of the gates in Terminal 4, the airline had to reduce its commitment to the city of Phoenix to just 28 gates, with the growing Southwest Airlines agreeing to lease the remainder of Terminal 4.
In August 1987, a unit of [[Ansett]] Transport Industries Ltd., an Australian airline company and at the time 50% owned by [[News Corporation]], purchased a 21.6 percent stake in America West.
In 1988, Patrick Thurston, Vice-President of Operations, Bob Russell, Chief of Pilots, and Carl Wobser, a captain, all pleaded guilty to multiple counts of narcotics trafficking. [http://www.apfn.net/dcia/narco.html THE PHOENIX-BANGKOK HEROIN CONNECTION]
In 1989, Ansett Transport Ltd. used its influence and investment money in America West Airlines, to try to break a pilots strike in Australia. [[1989 Australian pilots' dispute]]. The following article is from an America West pilot that crossed the Australian pilots picket line. [http://scabsr.us/duw1.htm The Down UnderWare Chronicles America West Pilot article.]
[[File:America West 737-112.jpg|thumb|[[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-112]] at [[San Jose International Airport]] in 1993]]
As it explored destinations beyond the United States, America West filed with [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] for a Phoenix-to-[[Sydney]] route, to connect with now-defunct [[Ansett Airlines]]. The proposal was rejected, however, and the [[Reagan Administration]] awarded the route to another airline. America West Airline leased four [[Boeing 747]] aircraft (formerly operated by [[KLM]]), offering service to [[Hawaii]] and [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]], as well as an expanded service to many [[Mexico|Mexican]] destinations.
In 1990, the airline moved into the new Terminal 4 and also took delivery of several [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]] aircraft destined for the now-defunct [[Braniff (1983-1990)|Braniff Airways]]. Braniff had itself purchased the original aircraft order rights from [[Pan American World Airways|Pan Am]], another troubled carrier, and the A320s were sold to America West at a steep discount. The U.S. Department of Transportation started classifying America West Airlines as a [[major carrier|major airline]].<ref name=funding1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/America-West-Holdings-Corporation-Company-History.html|title=America West Holdings Corporation|accessdate=2008-08-23| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081006010506/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/America-West-Holdings-Corporation-Company-History.html| archivedate= 6 October 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
Despite these developments, the airline continued to lose money. Operating expenses at Terminal 4 were far higher than in the temporary Terminal 3 concourse. The Nagoya route experienced extremely low ticket sales, and planes there were flying with almost no passengers. In addition, tensions in the lead-up to the [[Gulf War]] were causing fuel costs to rise. The combined impact forced America West to file for bankruptcy in June 1991.
In June 1995, W. Douglas Parker joined America West Airlines as senior vice president and chief financial officer. He was elected chairman, president and CEO in September 2001.[http://www.usairways.com/en-US/aboutus/pressroom/bios/parker.html]
July 1998 [http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/15/us/america-west-airline-fined-2.5-million-for-violations.html America West Airline Fined $2.5 Million for Violations.]
August 2000 [http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=96023&page=1 FAA May Ground America West.]
=== Банкрутство ===
[[File:America West Airlines Boeing 737-300 and America West Express Beech 1900 Kennaugh.jpg|thumb|America West [[Boeing 737-300]] and [[America West Express]] [[Beech 1900]] at Sky Harbor International Airport (1995).]]
America West operated under bankruptcy from 1991 to 1994. As part of its restructuring, employee stock became worthless, the airline's 747s and Dash 8s sold, and the rest of the fleet heavily pared down to 87 aircraft. Hawaii and Nagoya routes were scrapped and America West service to local markets was contracted to [[Mesa Airlines]], which began conducting operations as [[America West Express]].
On the management side, Founder Ed Beauvais was removed as CEO, remaining on the board of directors, and was replaced with Mike Conway, who had been with the airline since its start. Conway left the airline in 1994, replaced as CEO by A. Maurice Myers.
America West's flight attendants unionized in 1993, ending cross-utilization between [[Customer service representative|customer service agents]], flight attendants, and ground agents. Several maintenance and training functions previously operated in-house by America West were outsourced during the bankruptcy.
=== Реорганізація ===
[[File:America West A319.jpeg|thumb|America West Airlines [[Airbus A320 family#A319|Airbus A319]] departing [[Portland International Airport]]]]
In 1994, America West was finally able to secure a reorganization allowing it to come out of bankruptcy, with a large portion of the airline owned by a partnership including [[Mesa Airlines]] and [[Continental Airlines]], resulting in code-sharing agreements with these airlines.
To help reinvigorate the airline as it emerged from bankruptcy, a number of consumer-visible changes occurred, including a new color scheme and logo (used until the merger with US Airways), new [[livery]], [[E-ticket]]s, and online ticket purchasing in 1996. The airline continued ordering Airbus A320 aircraft and began gradually retiring its older Boeing 737-200s.
In the 1990s, America West opened an east coast hub at [[Port Columbus International Airport]] in [[Columbus, Ohio]], using [[Chautauqua Airlines]] to provide commuter and regional flights. An ''America West Club'' was provided for the hub in the space previously used as a TWA Ambassadors' Club.
In late 2001, America West was the first airline to apply for and receive a loan from the [[Air Transportation Stabilization Board]].<ref>[http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/po890.htm Air Transportation Stabilization Board Conditionally Approves Application By America West] U.S. Treasury</ref> As of April 2005, the remaining balance on the loan was $300 million. The ATSB loan and its guarantees were paid back by US Airways and the debt refinanced by other lenders during the merger.<ref>[http://www.globalspec.com/reference/19171/121073/us-air-uses-cash-to-buy-back-atsb-stock US Air Uses Cash To Buy Back ATSB Stock] From Aviationweek.com 2005 October</ref>
In February 2003, America West Airlines announced plans to close its Port Columbus hub, and completed the move later that year, reducing the number of scheduled daily flights from almost 50 to 4.
=== US Airways ===
[[File:US Airways A320-231 SAN N632AW.jpg|thumb|An [[Airbus A320 family#A320|Airbus A320]] in the current America West / [[US Airways]] livery at [[San Diego International Airport]]]]
[[File:AmericaWestExpress.jpg|thumb|A traveler boards an [[America West Express]] [[Bombardier CRJ200#CRJ200|CRJ-200]] jet]]
{{Main|America West Holdings Corporation#Merger with US Airways Group|l1=America West merger with US Airways}}
In the second quarter of 2005, America West entered into merger negotiations with then-bankrupt US Airways. It was structured as a purchase of America West by a new holding company formed by US Airways; however, the internal structure was a [[reverse merger]], with legacy America West operations taking over those of US Airways.
As the holding companies merged, brand conversion began. The America West Club was renamed the US Airways Club in October 2005. All new America West aircraft were delivered in the [[US_Airways_livery#Current_Livery|new US Airways livery]], and older aircraft repainted (while retaining America West interiors). Gates and ticket counters were consolidated at airports where both airlines had operated, aided by the March 2007 transfer of all US Airways reservations to the [[QIK]] computer system used by America West (US Airways had previously used a very different [[Sabre (computer system)|Sabre]] system).
All express flights were branded as US Airways Express, and aircraft were no longer confined to operations out of their pre-merger hubs (America West aircraft could fly from Philadelphia to destinations other than Phoenix and Las Vegas, for example). The two airlines' operating certificates were merged in September 2007. After initially using the "CACTUS" callsign for the west fleet and "USAIR" for the east fleet, all aircraft began flying under a single "CACTUS" callsign and ICAO code "AWE" in September 2008.
== Напрямки ==
{{Further|America West Airlines destinations}}
== Флот ==
{{Further|US Airways#Fleet}}
[[File:Americawestboeing757-200.jpg|thumb|An America West [[Boeing 757-200]]]]
All outstanding America West orders were transferred to the merged entity, US Airways.
<center>
{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse"
|+ '''America West Airlines Fleet'''
|- bgcolor=lightgreen
!Aircraft
!Total
!Passengers<br>(First/Economy)
|-
|[[Airbus A320 family#A319|Airbus A319-100]]
|39
|124 (12/112)
|-
|[[Airbus A320 family#A320|Airbus A320-200]]
|55
|150 (12/138)
|-
|[[Boeing 737 Classic#737-300|Boeing 737-300]]
|27
|134 (8/126)
|-
|[[Boeing 757#757-200|Boeing 757-200]]
|12
|190 (14/176)
|}
</center>
Aircraft counts accurate {{As of|2006|alt=as of December 2006}}, according to [http://av-info.faa.gov/detail.asp?DSGN_CODE=AWXA&OPER_FAR=121++++&OPER_NAME=AMERICA+WEST+AIRLINES+INC FAA records].
=== Попередній літак ===
<center>
{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse"
|+ '''America West Airlines Past Fleet'''<ref>[http://airfleets.net/flottecie/America%20West%20Airlines.htm America West Airlines fleet details] Airfleets.net</ref>
|- bgcolor=lightgreen
!Aircraft
!Total
!Passengers<br>(First/Economy)
|-
|[[Boeing 737#737-100|Boeing 737-100]]
|8
|108 (8/100)
|-
|[[Boeing 737#737-200|Boeing 737-200]]
|64
|122 (8/114)
|-
|[[Bombardier Dash 8#Series 100|Bombardier Dash 8-100]]
|12
|37-39 (None/37-39)
|-
|[[Boeing 747#747-200|Boeing 747-200]]
|4
|452 (21/431)
|}
</center>
== FlightFund ==
The airline had a [[frequent flyer program]] called '''FlightFund'''.<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/19961022234229/americawest.com/fltfund/ffsubhm.html Welcome to FlightFund]." America West Airlines. October 22, 1996. Retrieved on October 1, 2009.</ref> In 2006, FlightFund was merged into the US Airways '''Dividend Miles''' program.
Partner airlines or programs for Dividend Miles (formerly FlightFund) include:
*[[America West Express]]
*[[Hawaiian Airlines]] - Limited
*[[Royal Jordanian Airlines]]
*[[US Airways]]
*[[Virgin Atlantic Airways]]
*[[United Airlines]]
== Код-шерінгова угода ==
America West had [[codeshare]] agreements with the following airlines in January 2007:
*[[America West Express]]
*[[Big Sky Airlines]]
*[[EVA Airlines]]
*[[Royal Jordanian Airlines]]
*[[US Airways]]
*[[Virgin Atlantic Airways]]
=== Колишній код-шер угоди ===
*[[British Airways]]<ref>[http://news.cheapflights.co.uk/flights/2005/09/british_airways_2.html British Airways ends code-share with America West ended on December 31, 2005] Cheapflights.co.uk.</ref>
*[[Continental Airlines]]<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A05E1DC1E3BF93BA15750C0A9649C8B63 Continental Ends Ticket Alliance With America West] New York Times Online Archives</ref>
*[[Northwest Airlines]]
*[[Qantas]] <small>(ended February 28, 2007)</small>
*[[TWA]]
== Штаб-квартира ==
[[File:America West HQ Tempe - North.jpg|thumb|The headquarters of America West Airlines in [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]], which remains the headquarters for successor airlines they acquired.]]
America West has its headquarters in [[Tempe, Arizona]] from the airline's start in 1983, and continues with their successors (after the merger, they have acquired the more-popular names of the airlines they acquired).<ref name="azcentral.com">Berry, Jahna. "[http://www.azcentral.com/abgnews/articles/0602amwest-tempe.html Tempe breathes a sigh on AmWest merger plan]." ''[[Arizona Business Gazette]]''. June 2, 2005. Retrieved on March 1, 2010.</ref> The airline used a nine-story,<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=115806F0B18C72C0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Phoenix mostly shrugs at prospect of Delta merger]." ''[[Atlanta Journal Constitution]]''. November 19, 2006. A1. Retrieved on March 1, 2010. "More than 700 people work at US Airways' nine-story headquarters."</ref> {{convert|225000|sqft|sqm}} building as its headquarters which continues to be corporate headquarters after acquisitions,<ref>"[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55264733.html Article: Carey Diversified Finances America West Headquarters; $25 Million Non-Recourse Mortgage Secured by Recently Completed Facility.]" ''[[PR Newswire]]''. July 27, 1999. Retrieved on March 1, 2010.</ref> which began using the building as its headquarters. Jahna Berry of the ''[[Arizona Business Gazette]]'' said in 2005 that the building "is one of the dominant buildings in downtown Tempe."<ref name="azcentral.com"/> The City of Tempe gave America West $11 million in incentives and tax breaks so it could occupy the headquarters, which cost $37 million to construct.<ref>"[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UGczAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NiEGAAAAIBAJ&pg=4255,2375296&dq=america-west+headquarters&hl=en United-America West Deal Has Implications Across The West .]." ''[[Associated Press]]'' at ''[[Lodi News-Sentinel]]''. Friday January 22, 1999. Business 13. Retrieved from ''[[Google News]]'' (8 of 38) on March 1, 2010.</ref> The construction of the building began in January 1998; the groundbreaking ceremony was held on February 19 of that year.<ref>"[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20321283.html America West Completes Financing of New Corporate Headquarters]." ''[[PR Newswire]]''. February 19, 1998. Retrieved on March 1, 2010.</ref> The previous America West headquarters were demolished.<ref>Lehman, William. "[http://www.usairways.com/en-US/aboutus/pressroom/history/americawest.html Part VII - America West]." [[US Airways]]. Retrieved on February 18, 2010.</ref>
== Інші комерційні інтереси ==
America West has promotional partnerships with the [[Phoenix Suns]] [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] team, the 2001 [[World Series]] champion [[Arizona Diamondbacks]] [[baseball]] team, and the [[Arizona Cardinals]] [[National Football League|NFL]] team.
In 1992, America West paid $26 million for the 30-year naming rights of the [[Phoenix Suns]]' home court, which it named [[America West Arena]]. Since the merger with US Airways, the arena is called [[US Airways Center]] (not to be confused with the [[USAir Arena]] in [[Prince George's County, Maryland]], razed in 2002).
== Надзвичайні події та аварії ==
America West had four in-flight incidents on its aircraft, but never had an accident resulting in a fatality. Two accidents resulted in hull loss [[write-off]]s.
{| class="wikitable"
! Flight
! Date
! Aircraft
! Location
! Descriptions
! Injuries
|-
| America West Flight 450
| December 30, 1989
| 737-200
| [[Tucson, Arizona]]
| A fire in the wheel well burned through hydraulic cabling. During landing, braking was ineffective and the aircraft overran the end of the runway. After colliding with a concrete structure, the plane came to a stop. The aircraft was written off. [http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001213X29969&key=1 NTSB brief]
| 10 minor
|-
| America West Flight 727
| January 16, 1990
| 737-300
| [[Austin, Texas]]
| On January 16, 1990, America West flight 727 was hijacked en route to Las Vegas from Houston. The hijacker forced the pilot to land the aircraft in Austin, Texas, so it could be refueled and flown to Cuba. At the Austin airport, police overpowered and arrested the hijacker.
| none
|-
| [[America West Flight 556]]
| July 1, 2002
| A319-100
| [[Miami, Florida]]
| The flight was halted by [[Transportation Security Administration]] and local police after a tip that the pilots appeared to be drunk. Sobriety tests showed that the pilots were legally intoxicated, and they were eventually sentenced to prison for operating an aircraft while intoxicated.
| none
|-
| America West Flight 794
| August 28, 2002
| A320-231
| [[Phoenix, Arizona]]
| The pilot failed to maintain directional control during landing, causing the aircraft to veer off the side of the runway onto a dirt infield, and the nose gear strut collapsed. The aircraft was written off. [http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20020913X01603&key=1 NTSB brief]
| 1 serious, 9 minor
|}
== Примітки ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== Посилання ==
{{Portal|Arizona|Companies|Aviation}}
{{Commons category|America West Airlines}}
* [http://web.archive.org/*/http://www.americawest.com America West Airlines] (Archive)
* [http://flitetime.net/awa.html One pilot's experience]
{{Airlines of the United States}}
{{US Airways Group}}
[[de:America West]]
| |||