Прапор Кальмарської унії

Кальмарська унія — персональна унія королівств Данії, Норвегії та Швеції протягом 15 століття. Першим королем Кальмарської унії був Ерік Померанський. Його печатка поєднувала герби Норвегії (у центрі, у вигляді нагрудного знака на хресті над усім), Данії (у правій голові), Швеції (фолькунгський лев, у правій основі) та Померанії (грифон, у центрі хреста), а також символ трьох корон у голові; останній геральдичний малюнок з'явився ще до Кальмарської унії, і зараз він переважно асоціюється з гербом Швеції, але який у 15 столітті став представляти три королівства унії.^[2]^[3]

Королівська печатка Еріка Померанського (1398)

У двох листах, датованих 1430 роком, Ерік Померанський наказує священникам Вадстени та Кальмара носити на своїх мантіях «прапор королівств». Прапор описується як «червоний хрест у жовтому полі».^[4]

Список літератури ред.

↑ The original was kept in St. Mary's Church, Lübeck until it was destroyed in a bombing raid in 1942; a 19th-century copy is on exhibit at the Danish Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Palace, Denmark. The saint accompanying the Virgin Mary and infant Christ is Saint James the Greater, identified by his scallop shell emblem. Based on the heraldic images shown, the flag must have dated from the reign of King Eric of Pomerania. It was consequently created no earlier than 1396 and no later than the 1420s. The flag was made of coarse linen. All figures and heraldic insignia were created using oil-based paint, and the flag's two sides were imperfectly painted as mirrors of each other. K. N. H. Petersen, Et dansk Flag fra Unionstiden i Maria-Kirken i Lübeck, Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel, 1882, p. 57
↑ Sven Tito Achen (1972). Sverige. Alverdens heraldik i farver (Danish) . Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. с. 216. ISBN 87-567-1685-0.
↑ Sven Tito Achen (1972). Sverige. Alverdens heraldik i farver (Danish) . Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. с. 217. ISBN 87-567-1685-0.
↑ "Sources are scant about the Union of Kalmar flag. These are a couple of brief passages of text. There is no pictorial evidence attesting to the Union flag from the time of the Union of Kalmar (though some authors point to heraldic evidence for a red union cross) and definitely no surviving flag. A flag seen by Hugh Watkins in a museum showing a red Scandinavian cross on a yellow field is a recreation of what is thought to have been the union flag. (Jan Oskar Engene, 11 February 2004) «What remains of evidence is two letters from 1430 in which King Erik orders the priests of Vadstena and Kalmar to wear the „banner of the realms“ on their robes. The banner is described as 'a red cross on top of a yellow field.'» (Jan Oskar Engene, 16 February 2004) crwflags.com

[1] The original was kept in St. Mary's Church, Lübeck until it was destroyed in a bombing raid in 1942; a 19th-century copy is on exhibit at the Danish Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Palace, Denmark. The saint accompanying the Virgin Mary and infant Christ is Saint James the Greater, identified by his scallop shell emblem. Based on the heraldic images shown, the flag must have dated from the reign of King Eric of Pomerania. It was consequently created no earlier than 1396 and no later than the 1420s. The flag was made of coarse linen. All figures and heraldic insignia were created using oil-based paint, and the flag's two sides were imperfectly painted as mirrors of each other. K. N. H. Petersen, Et dansk Flag fra Unionstiden i Maria-Kirken i Lübeck, Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel, 1882, p. 57

[2] Sven Tito Achen (1972). Sverige. Alverdens heraldik i farver (Danish) . Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. с. 216. ISBN 87-567-1685-0.

[3] Sven Tito Achen (1972). Sverige. Alverdens heraldik i farver (Danish) . Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. с. 217. ISBN 87-567-1685-0.

[4] "Sources are scant about the Union of Kalmar flag. These are a couple of brief passages of text. There is no pictorial evidence attesting to the Union flag from the time of the Union of Kalmar (though some authors point to heraldic evidence for a red union cross) and definitely no surviving flag. A flag seen by Hugh Watkins in a museum showing a red Scandinavian cross on a yellow field is a recreation of what is thought to have been the union flag. (Jan Oskar Engene, 11 February 2004) «What remains of evidence is two letters from 1430 in which King Erik orders the priests of Vadstena and Kalmar to wear the „banner of the realms“ on their robes. The banner is described as 'a red cross on top of a yellow field.'» (Jan Oskar Engene, 16 February 2004) crwflags.com

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