Геохронологічна шкала: відмінності між версіями
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Leon II (обговорення | внесок) м →Сучасний варіант геохронологічної шкали: уточнення |
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Рядок 28:
|-
|rowspan="102" style="background:#ffffff"| n/a{{efn|References to the "Post-Cambrian Супереон" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.}}
|rowspan="102" style="text-align:center; background:{{period color|phanerozoic}}"| [[Фанерозойський еон|Ф<br/>а<br/>н<br/>е<br/>р<br/>о<br/>з<br/>о<br/>й]]
|rowspan="24" style="background:{{period color|cenozoic}}"| [[Кайнозойська ера|Кайнозой]]{{efn|Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The 2009 version of the ICS time chart<ref name="cenozoic-division">{{cite web |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-12-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229003212/http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf |archivedate=29 December 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.}}
| rowspan="7" style="background-color: {{period color|quaternary}};" | [[Четвертинний період|Антропоген]], Q
Рядок 73:
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{period color|miocene}};" | [[Міоцен]], N<sub>1</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|messinian}};" | [[Мессінський ярус|Мессіній]], N<sub>1</sub>mes
| rowspan="2" | [[Messinian Event]] with hypersaline lakes in empty [[Mediterranean Basin]].
| style="background-color: {{period color|messinian}};" | [[Файл:Clavo dorado.svg|10px]] 7,246
|-
Рядок 96:
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{period color|oligocene}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | [[Олігоцен]], <s>P</s><sub>3</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|chattian}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | [[Хаттський ярус|Хатт]], <s>P</s><sub>3</sub>h
| rowspan="2" style="border-top: 2px solid grey;" |
| style="background-color: {{period color|chattian}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | 27,82
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|rupelian}};" | [[Рюпельський ярус|Рюпель]], <s>P</s><sub>3</sub>r
| style="background-color: {{period color|rupelian}};" | 33,9
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{period color|eocene}};" | [[Еоцен]], <s>Р</s><sub>2</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|priabonian}};" | [[Приабонський ярус|Приабон]], <s>Р</s><sub>2</sub>p
| rowspan="2" |
| style="background-color: {{period color|priabonian}};" | 37,8
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|bartonian}};" | [[Бартонський ярус|Бартон]], <s>Р</s><sub>2</sub>b
▲| style="background-color: {{period color|bartonian}};" | 41.2
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|lutetian}};" | [[Лютецький ярус|Лютец]], <s>Р</s><sub>2</sub>l
| rowspan="2" |
| style="background-color: {{period color|lutetian}};" | 47,8
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|ypresian}};" | [[Іпрський ярус|Іпр]], <s>Р</s><sub>2</sub>i
| style="background-color: {{period color|ypresian}};" | 56,0
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{period color|paleocene}};" | [[Палеоцен]], <s>Р</s><sub>1</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|thanetian}}" | [[Танетський ярус|Танет]], <s>Р</s><sub>1</sub>t
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: {{period color|thanetian}}" |59,2
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|selandian}};" | [[Зеландський ярус|Зеландій]], <s>Р</s><sub>1</sub>z
| style="background-color: {{period color|selandian}};" |61,6
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|danian}};" | [[Данський ярус|Даній]], <s>Р</s><sub>1</sub>d
| style="background-color: {{period color|danian}};" |66,0
|-
Рядок 174 ⟶ 169:
| style="background-color:{{period color|berriasian}};" | [[Файл:Пустий ієрогліф.png|10px]] ~145,0
|-
| rowspan="11" style="background-color: {{period color|jurassic}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | [[Юрський період|Юра]], J
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{period color|late jurassic}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | [[Мальм]], J<sub>3</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|tithonian}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | [[Титонський ярус|Титон]], J<sub>3</sub>tt
| rowspan="11" style="border-top: 2px solid grey;" |
| style="background-color: {{period color|tithonian}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | 152,1
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|kimmeridgian}};" | [[Кімериджський ярус|Кімеридж]], J<sub>3</sub>km
| style="background-color: {{period color|kimmeridgian}};" | 157,3
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|oxfordian}};" | [[Оксфордський ярус|Оксфорд]], J<sub>3</sub>o
| style="background-color: {{period color|oxfordian}};" | 163,5
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{period color|middle jurassic}};" | [[Доггер]], J<sub>2</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|callovian}};" | [[Келовейський ярус|Келовей]], J<sub>2</sub>k
| style="background-color: {{period color|callovian}};" | 166,1
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|bathonian}};" | [[Батський ярус|Бат]], J<sub>2</sub>bt
| style="background-color: {{period color|bathonian}};" | 168,3
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|bajocian}};" | [[Байоський ярус|Байос]], J<sub>2</sub>b
| style="background-color: {{period color|bajocian}};" | 170,3
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|aalenian}};" | [[Ааленський ярус|Аален]], J<sub>2</sub>a
| style="background-color: {{period color|aalenian}};" | 174,1
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{period color|early jurassic}};" | [[Лейас]], J<sub>1</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|toarcian}};" | [[Тоарський ярус|Тоар]], J<sub>1</sub>t
| style="background-color: {{period color|toarcian}};" | 182,7
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|pliensbachian}};" | [[Плінсбахський ярус|Плінсбах]], J<sub>1</sub>p
| style="background-color: {{period color|pliensbachian}};" | 190,8
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|sinemurian}};" | [[Синемюрський ярус|Синемюр]], J<sub>1</sub>s
| style="background-color: {{period color|sinemurian}};" | 199,3
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|hettangian}};" | [[Геттанзький ярус|Геттанг]], J<sub>1</sub>h
| style="background-color: {{period color|hettangian}};" | 201,3
|-
Рядок 225 ⟶ 210:
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{period color|late triassic}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | [[Пізній тріас|Пізній]], T<sub>3</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|rhaetian}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | [[Ретський ярус|Рет]], T<sub>3</sub>r
| rowspan="7" style="border-top: 2px solid grey;" |
| style="background-color: {{period color|rhaetian}}; border-top: 2px solid grey;" | ~208,5
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|norian}};" | [[Норійський ярус|Норій]], T<sub>3</sub>n
| style="background-color: {{period color|norian}};" | ~227
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|carnian}};" | [[Карнійський ярус|Карній]], T<sub>3</sub>c
| style="background-color: {{period color|carnian}};" | ~237
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{period color|middle triassic}};" | [[Середній тріас|Середній]], T<sub>2</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|ladinian}};" | [[Ладинський ярус|Ладиній]], T<sub>2</sub>l
| style="background-color: {{period color|ladinian}};" | ~242
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|anisian}};" | [[Анізійський ярус|Анізій]], T<sub>2</sub>a
| style="background-color: {{period color|anisian}};" | 247,2
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{period color|early triassic}};" | [[Ранній тріас|Ранній]], T<sub>1</sub>
| style="background-color: {{period color|olenekian}};" | [[Оленьокський ярус|Оленьок]], T<sub>1</sub>o
| style="background-color: {{period color|olenekian}};" | 251,2
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|induan}};" | [[Індський ярус|Інд]], T<sub>1</sub>i
| style="background-color: {{period color|induan}};" | 251,902
|-
Рядок 258 ⟶ 237:
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{Period color|lopingian}}; border-top: 3px solid grey;" | [[Лопінгій]], P<sub>3</sub>
| style="background-color: {{Period color|changhsingian}}; border-top: 3px solid grey;" | [[Чангсінзький ярус|Чангсінг]], P<sub>3</sub>c
| rowspan="9" style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" |
| style="background-color: {{Period color|changhsingian}}; border-top: 3px solid grey;" | 254,14
|-
| style="background-color: {{Period color|wuchiapingian}}" | [[Вучапінзький ярус|Вучапінг]], P<sub>3</sub>v
| style="background-color: {{Period color|wuchiapingian}}" | 259,1
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{Period color|guadalupian}}" | [[Гваделупій]], P<sub>2</sub>
| style="background-color: {{Period color|capitanian}}" | [[Кептенський ярус|Кептен]], P<sub>2</sub>c
| style="background-color: {{Period color|capitanian}}" | 265,1
|-
| style="background-color: {{Period color|wordian}}" | [[Вордійський ярус|Вордій]], P<sub>2</sub>w
| style="background-color: {{Period color|wordian}}" | 268,8
|-
| style="background-color: {{Period color|roadian}}" | [[Роудський ярус|Роуд]], P<sub>2</sub>r
| style="background-color: {{Period color|roadian}}" | 272,95
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{Period color|cisuralian}}" | [[Цисуралій]], P<sub>1</sub>
| style="background-color: {{Period color|kungurian}}" | [[Кунгурський ярус|Кунгур]], P<sub>1</sub>k
| style="background-color: {{Period color|kungurian}}" | 283,5
|-
| style="background-color: {{Period color|artinskian}}" | [[Артинський ярус|Артин]], P<sub>1</sub>art
| style="background-color: {{Period color|artinskian}}" | 290,1
|-
| style="background-color: {{Period color|sakmarian}}" | [[Сакмарський ярус|Сакмарій]], P<sub>1</sub>s
| style="background-color: {{Period color|sakmarian}}" | 295,0
|-
| style="background-color: {{Period color|asselian}}" | [[Ассельський ярус|Ассель]], P<sub>1</sub>a
| style="background-color: {{Period color|asselian}}" | 298,9
|-
| rowspan="7" style="background-color: {{period color|
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{period color|
| style="background-color: {{period color|
| rowspan="4" style="border-top: 2px solid grey;" |
| style="background-color: {{period color|
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| style="background-color: {{period color|
| style="background-color: {{period color|
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| style="background-color: {{period color|
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| style="background-color: {{period color|
| style="background-color: {{period color
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| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{period color|
| style="background-color: {{period color|
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: {{period color|
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|visean}};" | [[
| style="background-color: {{period color|visean}};"
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|
| style="background-color: {{period color|
|-
| rowspan="7" style="background-color:{{period color|
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{period color|
| style="background-color:{{period color|
| rowspan="7" style="border-top: 2px solid grey;" |
| style="background-color:{{period color|
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|
| style="background-color:{{period color
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| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{period color|
| style="background-color:{{period color|
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| style="background-color:{{period color|
| style="background-color:{{period color
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| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{period color|
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| rowspan="8" style="background-color:{{period color|
| colspan="2" style="background-color:{{period color|
| rowspan="8" style="border-top: 2px solid grey;" |
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| rowspan="7" style="background-color:{{period color|
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| style="background-color:{{period color|
| style="background-color:{{period color
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| rowspan="10" style="background-color:{{period color|
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{period color|
| style="background-color:{{period color|
| rowspan="10" style="border-top: 2px solid grey;" |
| style="background-color:{{period color|
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| style="background-color:{{period color|
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| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{period color|
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| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{period color|
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| style="background-color:{{period color|
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| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{period color|
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| style="background-color:{{period color|
| style="background-color:{{period color
|-
|rowspan="18" style="text-align:center; background:{{period color|
|rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:{{period color|proterozoic}}"| [[Протерозой|П<br>р<br>о<br>т<br>е<br>р<br>о<br>з<br>о<br>й]]<br>Pr
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| Good [[fossil]]s of the first [[Metazoa|multi-celled
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| Possible
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| ~{{Period start|cryogenian}}<!--- -635 to -720 (-850 < 2015) mya
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| [[Rodinia]] supercontinent persists. [[Sveconorwegian orogeny]] ends. [[Trace fossil]]s of simple [[multicellular|multi-celled]] [[Eukaryota|
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| Narrow highly [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] belts due to [[orogeny]] as [[Rodinia]] forms. [[Sveconorwegian orogeny]] starts. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica possibly begins. Musgrave Orogeny (c. 1,080 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]), [[Musgrave Block]], [[Central Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| {{Period start|stenian}}{{efn|name="absolute-age"}}
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s continue to expand. [[Green algae]] [[colony (biology)|colonies]] in the seas. [[Grenville Orogeny]] in North America.
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s expand. Barramundi Orogeny, [[McArthur Basin]], [[Northern Australia]], and Isan Orogeny, [[circa|c.]]1,600 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]], Mount Isa Block, Queensland
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| First [[Eukaryote|complex single-celled life]]: [[protist]]s with nuclei. [[Columbia (supercontinent)|Columbia]] is the primordial supercontinent. Kimban Orogeny in Australian continent ends. Yapungku Orogeny on [[Yilgarn craton]], in Western Australia. Mangaroon Orogeny, 1,680–1,620 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]], on the [[Gascoyne Complex]] in Western Australia. Kararan Orogeny (1,650 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]), Gawler Craton, [[South Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| The [[Atmosphere of Earth|atmosphere]] becomes [[oxygen]]ic. [[Vredefort crater|Vredefort]] and [[Sudbury Basin]] asteroid impacts. Much [[orogeny]]. [[Penokean orogeny|Penokean]] and [[Trans-Hudsonian Orogeny|Trans-Hudsonian Orogenies]] in North America. Early Ruker Orogeny in Antarctica, 2,000–1,700 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]. Glenburgh Orogeny, [[Gascoyne Complex|Glenburgh Terrane]], [[Australia (continent)|Australian continent]] [[circa|c.]] 2,005–1,920 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]. Kimban Orogeny, [[Gawler craton]] in Australian continent begins.
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| {{Period start|orosirian}}{{efn|name="absolute-age"}}
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| [[Bushveld Igneous Complex]] forms. [[Huronian]] glaciation.
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="3"| [[Oxygen catastrophe]]: [[banded iron formation]]s forms. Sleaford Orogeny on [[Australia (continent)|Australian continent]], [[Gawler Craton]] 2,440–2,420 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="4"| Stabilization of most modern [[craton]]s; possible [[Mantle (геологія)|mantle]] overturn event. Insell Orogeny, 2,650 ± 150 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]. [[Abitibi greenstone belt]] in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] begins to form, stabilizes by 2,600 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="4"| First [[stromatolite]]s (probably [[colony (biology)|colonial]] [[cyanobacteria]]). Oldest [[macrofossil]]s. Humboldt Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Blake River Megacaldera Complex]] begins to form in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], ends by roughly 2,696 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| {{Period start|mesoarchean}}{{efn|name="absolute-age"}}
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="4"| First known [[phototroph|oxygen-producing]] [[bacteria]]. Oldest definitive [[microfossils]]. Oldest [[craton]]s on Earth (such as the [[Canadian Shield]] and the [[Pilbara Craton]]) may have formed during this period.{{efn|name="Oldest-craton"|The age of the oldest measurable [[craton]], or [[continental crust]], is dated to 3,600–3,800 Ma.}} Rayner Orogeny in Antarctica.
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="4"| [[Prokaryote|Simple single-celled life]] (probably [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]). Oldest probable [[microfossil]]s. The first [[organism|life
|style="background:{{period color|
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|
|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="4"| Indirect [[photosynthetic]] evidence (e.g., [[kerogen]]) of primordial life. This era overlaps the beginning of the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] of the [[Inner Solar System|Inner]] [[Solar System]], produced possibly by the planetary migration of [[Neptune]] into the [[Kuiper belt]] as a result of orbital resonances between [[Jupiter]] and [[Saturn]]. Oldest known rock (4,031 to 3,580 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="Oldest-rock">{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s004100050465|title=Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada|year=1999|last=Bowring|first=Samuel A.|journal=Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology|volume=134|issue=1|pages=3|last2=Williams|first2=Ian S.|bibcode=1999CoMP..134....3B}} The oldest rock on Earth is the [[Acasta Gneiss]], and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada.</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|
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|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="4"| Possible first appearance of [[plate tectonic]]s. This unit gets its name from the [[lunar geologic timescale]] when the [[Nectaris Basin]] and other greater [[lunar basin]]s form by big [[impact event]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|
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|style="background:{{period color|
|colspan="4"| Закінчення фази раннього бомбардування планет. Найдавніший знайдений [[мінерал]] — [[циркон]] віком 4,406 ± 0,008 мрт<ref name="geology-wisc-edu"/>. [[Астероїд]]и і [[комета|комети]] приносять воду на Землю<ref name="geology-wisc-edu"/>.
|style="background:{{period color|
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|colspan="4"| Формування [[Сонце|Сонця]] і [[Сонячна система|Сонячної системи]] (4,68-4,63 мрт). Формування [[Земля|Землі]] (4,567 — 4,570 мрт), початок фази раннього бомбардування планет. Формування [[Місяць (супутник)|Місяця]] (4,533-4,527 мрт), ймовірно через [[Модель ударного формування Місяця|величезне зіткнення]] з невідомим астрономічним тілом.
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