Газневіди: відмінності між версіями

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Хоча династію заснували тюрки, держава, в якій вони правили, була перською за мовою, культурою, літературою та звичаями<ref>David Christian: ''A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia''; Blackwell Publishing, 1998; pg. 370: "Though Turkic in origin […] Alp Tegin, Sebuk Tegin and Mahmud were all thoroughly Persianized".</ref><ref>J. Meri (Hg.), ''Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia'', "Ghaznavids", London u.a. 2006, p. 294: ''"... The Ghaznavids inherited Samanid administrative, political, and cultural traditions and laid the foundations for a Persianate state in northern India. ..."''</ref><ref>[[Sydney Nettleton Fisher]] and William Ochsenwald, ''The Middle East: a history: Volume 1'', (McGraw-Hill, 1997);"'' "Forced to flee from the Samanid domain, he captured Ghaznah and in 961 established the famed Persianate Sunnite Ghaznavid empire of Afghanistan and the Punjab in India''".</ref><ref>Meisami, Julie Scott, ''Persian historiography to the end of the twelfth century'', (Edinburgh University Press, 1999), 143.''Nizam al-Mulk also attempted to organise the Saljuq administration according to the Persianate Ghaznavid model..''</ref>, а тому династію часто вважають радше перською<ref name="EIr" /><ref name="EI"/><ref>B. Spuler: The Disintegration of the Caliphate in the East; in: P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis (Hrsg.): The Central Islamic Lands from Pre-Islamic Times to the First World War; The Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1a; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970; pg. 147: "One of the effects of the renaissance of the Persian spirit evoked by this work was that the Ghaznavids were also Persianized and thereby became a Persian dynasty."</ref><ref name="Shahrbanu">M.A. Amir-Moezzi, [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sahrbanu "Shahrbanu"], ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]'', Online Edition: ''"... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."''</ref><ref name="E.Yar.">[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghaznavids Encyclopaedia Iranica, Iran: Islamic Period – Ghaznavids, E. Yarshater]</ref><ref>B. Spuler, "The Disintegration of the Caliphate in the East", in the ''Cambridge History of Islam'', Vol. IA: ''The Central islamic Lands from Pre-Islamic Times to the First World War'', ed. by P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970). pg 147: ''One of the effects of the renaissance of the Persian spirit evoked by this work was that the Ghaznavids were also Persianized and thereby became a Persian dynasty.</ref><ref>Anatoly M Khazanov, André Wink, "Nomads in the Sedentary World", Routledge, 2padhte padhte to pagla jayega aadmi, ''A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia'', Blackwell Publishing, 1998. pg 370: "Though Turkic in origin and, apparently in speech, Alp Tegin, Sebuk Tegin and Mahmud were all thoroughly Persianized"</ref><ref>Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 8: "The Ghaznavids (989–1149) were essentially Persianized Turks who in manner of the pre-Islamic Persians encouraged the development of high culture"</ref><ref>John Perry. Iran & the Caucasus, Vol. 5, (2001), pp. 193–200. THE HISTORICAL ROLE OF TURKISH IN RELATION TO PERSIAN OF IRAN. Excerpt: "We should distinguish two complementary ways in which the advent of the Turks affected the language map of Iran. First, since the Turkish-speaking rulers of most Iranian polities from the Ghaznavids and Seljuks onward were already iranized and patronized Persian literature in their domains, the expansion of Turk-ruled empires served to expand the territorial domain of written Persian into the conquered areas, notably Anatolia and Central and South Asia. Secondly, the influx of massive Turkish-speaking populations (culminating with the rank and file of the Mongol armies) and their settlement in large areas of Iran (particularly in Azerbaijan and the northwest), progressively turkicized local speakers of Persian, Kurdish and other Iranian languages."(John Perry. Iran & the Caucasus, Vol. 5, (2001), pp. 193–200. THE HISTORICAL ROLE OF TURKISH IN RELATION TO PERSIAN OF IRAN)</ref>.