Газневіди: відмінності між версіями
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== Держава і культура ==
Газневідські султани були тюркського походження, але всі свідчення про них арабські чи перські. Оскільки султани спиралися на тюрські війська, мабуть, в кульурі держави був певний тюркський елемент. Проте, за свідченнями, політично-адміністративний апарат мав перське походження
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''"[[Persianisation]] of the state apparatus was accompanied by the Persianisation of high culture at the Ghaznavid court. Ferdowsī sought Maḥmūd's beneficence towards the end of his life, but Maḥmūd and Masʿūd are most notably known as the patrons of Persian poets with a simple, lyrical style like ʿOnṣorī, Farroḵī, and Manučehrī (Rypka, Hist. Iran. Lit., pp. 173–77; Clinton; Moayyad). The level of literary creativity was just as high under Ebrāhīm and his successors up to Bahrāmšāh, with such poets as Abu’l-Faraj Rūnī, Sanāʾī, ʿOṯmān Moḵtārī, Masʿūd-e Saʿd-e Salmān, and Sayyed Ḥasan Ḡaznavī (Rypka, Hist. Iran. Lit., pp. 196–97; Bosworth, Later Ghaznavids, pp. 75–77, 107–10). We know from the biographical dictionaries of poets (taḏkera-ye šoʿarā) that the court in Lahore of Ḵosrow Malek had an array of fine poets, none of whose dīvāns has unfortunately survived, and the translator into elegant Persian prose of Ebn Moqaffaʿ’s Kalīla wa Demna, namely Abu’l-Maʿālī Naṣr-Allāh b. Moḥammad, served the sultan for a while as his chief secretary (Bosworth, Later Ghaznavids, pp. 127–28). '''The Ghaznavids thus present the phenomenon of a dynasty of Turkish slave origin which became culturally Persianised''' '''to a perceptibly higher degree than other contemporary dynasties of Turkish origin such as [[Saljuqs]] and [[Qarakhanids]]'''."''<ref name="Ghaznavids">[[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|C.E. Bosworth]], [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghaznavids "Ghaznavids"] in ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]'', Online Edition 2012.</ref>}}
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